Der Bau neuer Moscheen sorgt fast immer für heftige Kontroversen. Dabei gehören islamische Gotteshäuser längst zu Deutschland. Wo Minarett und Kuppel Mitbürger muslimischen Glaubens zum Gebet rufen, zeigt die aktuelle Karte des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde.
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Dr. Thomas Schmitt vom Göttinger Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung multireligiöser und multiethnischer Gesellschaften erläutert Fakten und Hintergründe.
Mehr als 120 repräsentative, durch Minarett oder Kuppel für jedermann sichtbare Moscheen gibt es derzeit in Deutschland. Die meisten stehen in den industriellen Ballungsräumen an Rhein und Ruhr, im Rhein-Main-Gebiet sowie in der Rhein-Neckar-Region. Das dokumentiert die aktuelle Karte des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, die jetzt auf “Nationalatlas aktuell” abrufbar ist. Der Grund für die regionale Konzentration liegt auf der Hand: Sie ist das Ergebnis der Arbeitsmigration aus islamisch geprägten Ländern, insbesondere der Türkei – auch wenn es in Deutschland schon vor der Zuwanderung Moscheen gab; die älteste ist ein Bau der Ahmadiyya-Bewegung in Berlin-Wilmersdorf aus den 1920er Jahren.
In vielen deutschen Großstädten suchen die muslimischen Gläubigen indessen immer noch vergebens eine Moschee mit Minarett und einer Kuppel über dem Gebetsraum. Viel häufiger fündig werden sie in mittelgroßen und teilweise auch in kleinen Städten, dort allerdings kaum in den Zentren, sondern oft in Wohngebieten der Gründerzeit oder sogar in Gewerbegebieten. Aus städtebaulicher Sicht fristen viele Moscheen darum immer noch ein Schattendasein. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt Dr. Thomas Schmitt anhand seiner Recherchen. Der Wissenschaftler vom Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung multireligiöser und multiethnischer Gesellschaften in Göttingen beschäftigt sich seit vielen Jahren mit dem Thema Moscheen in Deutschland und hat den Erläuterungstext zur aktuellen IfL-Karte beigesteuert.
Einen weiteren Aspekt macht die IfL-Karte anhand von Farbsignaturen auf einen Blick sichtbar: die Zugehörigkeit der Moscheen zu verschiedenen Dachverbänden beziehungsweise die ethnisch-religiöse Orientierung des jeweiligen Trägervereins. Für die meisten Moscheebauten in Deutschland zeichnen demnach örtliche Vereine der Türkisch-Islamischen Union der Anstalt für Religion (DITIB) und der Ahmadiyya-Bewegung verantwortlich. Auf den Karten nicht berücksichtigt sind die vielen sogenannten Laden- und Hinterhofmoscheen in umfunktionierten Gebäuden ohne deutlich sichtbare architektonische Symbolik.
Der vollständige Artikel ist nachzulesen auf: http://aktuell.nationalatlas.de
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